ABSTRACT
Background: To assess role of HRCT, RT-PCR in the evaluation of COVID-19 symptomatic patients. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Radiology and Microbiology at Aarupadaiveedu Meddical College and Hospital . Eighty- five clinically suspects of COVID-19 patients of either gender was enrolled in the study and underwent RT-PCR test and HRCT Thorax . HRCT images were studied by Three radiologists independently. CURB- 65 and SOFA was recorded. Results: There were 50 males and 35 females in our study. Disease severity CURB was 1 and SOFA was 3. Chest CT had suspicious for COVID-19 in 45 and RT-PCR SARS-CoV2 positive in 40.42 had no comorbidity, 8 had peripheral vascular disease, 12 had cerebrovascular disease 13 had hypertension and 10 had diabetes mellitus. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). In all 40 patients of PCR SARS-CoV-2 positive, 35 HRCT were judged as suspicious for COVID-19. In 45 cases of PCR SARS-CoV-2 negative, 10 HRCT scans were judged as not suspicious for COVID-19. HRCT Thorax had a sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 77.8%, PPV of 77% and NPV of 87.5%. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of HRCT Thorax in symptomatic patients is good, but not good enough to safely diagnose or exclude COVID-19 patients. RT- PCR is useful in addition with HRCT in diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.
ABSTRACT
The world has been hit hardest by a type of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus called corona. This vulnerability did not leave all the superpowers in the world. The virus, is spread through coughs and sneezes. It is also spread by touching objects or parts of an infected person. For this reason, it is considered an infectious disease. It is very difficult to protect ourselves from such a contagious disease. But the World Health Organization (WHO) says there are certain guidelines to follow. The first way is to prevent the spread of COVID-19 social infection by adhering to social spaces (i.e. 2 m intervals). Second, we can protect ourselves by using appropriate safety equipment. We can also protect ourselves from the COVID-19 virus by using sanitizers or soaps. So this study focuses on a 3D-printed hand protection device for COVID- 19 infection prevention. The design, fabrication, and testing of the gadget were all successful. Thus, a low-cost and efficient device made by eco-friendly Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) polymer material and may be utilized to operate some potentially susceptible and highly infectious surfaces in a variety of public areas, where touching and using particular components is common and frequent (eg door handles, electrical switches, ATM machines).
ABSTRACT
This research aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of Indian stock markets. We employed daily historical panel data of Bombay stock exchange (BSE) and National stock exchange (NSE) returns from January 2020 to December 2020, and we applied Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models with dummy variables. The study was undertaken from April 1 to September 30, specified as a COVID 19 pandemic. When comparing the COVID-19 period to the standard period of study in India, the results reveal market has an adverse impact on sensitive news and a huge impact because of this pandemic situation in both markets. The study recommended that political and economic policies such as a stable political environment, incentives for indigenous companies, economic diversification, and a flexible exchange rate regime be implemented to improve the financial market and attract new investors to the Indian Stock Exchange.
ABSTRACT
Case report-IntroductionIn December 2019, the first cluster of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was identified in Wuhan, China. The disease was declared a global pandemic on 11th March 2020. COVID-19 was initially thought to cause respiratory complications only, however several extra pulmonary manifestations of the infection have since emerged.We report a rare case of reactive arthritis (ReA), urticarial rash and angioedema in a young female secondary to COVID-19 infection. Rashes were recently added to the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria for diagnosis of COVID-19 demonstrating their significance.Case report-Case descriptionA 31-year-old female doctor was admitted with acute swelling of her lips, dysphagia, and a widespread urticarial rash. Preceding this she had a one-week history of fever, cough, and constitutional symptoms of malaise and weight loss. Her symptoms had started at the end of April 2020 during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Three days later she developed painful swelling of her wrists, elbows, knees, and hands. She reported no back or sacroiliac joint pain, enthesitis or any previous history of inflammatory joint pains. She had a history of platelet dysfunction and was treated with Desmopressin.Clinical examination revealed a widespread urticarial rash over her face, limbs, and trunk, with no nail abnormalities. She had active synovitis in her right wrist, elbow, and mild bilateral knee effusions. All other joints including spine and sacroiliac joints were normal. She had no dactylitis or enthesitis. Systemic examination was normal. Investigations revealed Hb 113 g/L, MCV 88.2 fL, Platelets 282 x 109/L, WCC 6.6 x 109/L and Lymphocytes of 0.63 x 109/L with normal neutrophil and eosinophil count. CRP was raised at 107mg/L. She had a negative autoimmune screen including ANA, ANCA, IgM-RF, anti-CCP antibodies and HLA B27. Plain radiographs of knees were normal. SARS CoV-2 PCR was positive following a nasal swab. Urine and blood cultures were negative. Treatment was commenced with intravenous hydrocortisone and antihistamines with resolution of her angioedema symptoms;however, her rash and arthritis persisted.The patient was diagnosed with Reactive Arthritis (ReA), urticarial rash and angioedema secondary to COVID-19 infection. Prednisolone 30mg daily was started, and within a week her arthritis and rash markedly improved. Prednisolone was tapered over six weeks. By her two-month clinic follow up, she reported no further joint swelling and was functioning normally.Case report-DiscussionThe most common complication of COVID-19 is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) however several other serious complications have been identified including cardiac injury, thromboembolic events, neurological abnormalities, and an aggravated inflammatory response causing a cytokine storm.ReA is a post infectious arthritis commonly seen following gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections and is yet to be recognised as a complication of this disease. ReA most commonly presents as an asymmetrical peripheral or axial spondyloarthropathy. The affected joints do not contain pathogen. More than half of ReA cases resolve spontaneously within six months without requiring long-term treatments.Up to 20% of patients with COVID-19 infection have been shown to develop cutaneous manifestations including erythematous rash, vesicular rash, acral ischaemia, rash with petechiae, and widespread urticaria. This has led to the recent addition of rashes to the World Health Organisation (WHO) Criteria for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Additionally, as COVID-19 has an incubation period of 14 days where patients can be asymptomatic, cutaneous manifestations may serve as an early indicator of infection, aiding in a more rapid diagnosis.Case report-Key learning pointsWe present a rare case of ReA secondary to COVID-19 infection, with complete resolution of symptoms following administration of oral glucocorticoids. A detailed history and examination of t e musculoskeletal system should be undertaken in all patients presenting with COVID-19. Urticarial rashes should be considered as an early symptom of COVID-19 infection as per the WHO criteria for diagnosis. Glucocorticoids can be considered in treating patients with this presentation, where traditional anti-inflammatory agents have been refractory or contraindicated.